Electronic navigation obtains a vessel's position by:

Electronic navigation obtains a vessel's position by:

• A. Electronic means
• B. Visual landmarks only
• C. Manual surveying
• D. Astronomical observations only

Answer: (A)

Electronic navigation determines a vessel’s position by using electronic devices and signals. Modern systems like GNSS (for example, GPS) read satellite timing signals to compute exact latitude and longitude. Other electronic aids—such as inertial navigation systems, Doppler logs, radar interfacing with electronic charts, and other radio navigation aids—work together to establish or verify the vessel’s location. This approach relies on electronic technology rather than human sight or manual measurement methods, which is why it’s described as obtaining position by electronic means. Visual landmarks, manual surveying, and astronomical observations are traditional, non-electronic methods and aren’t what electronic navigation centers on.

Electronic navigation determines a vessel’s position by using electronic devices and signals. Modern systems like GNSS (for example, GPS) read satellite timing signals to compute exact latitude and longitude. Other electronic aids—such as inertial navigation systems, Doppler logs, radar interfacing with electronic charts, and other radio navigation aids—work together to establish or verify the vessel’s location. This approach relies on electronic technology rather than human sight or manual measurement methods, which is why it’s described as obtaining position by electronic means. Visual landmarks, manual surveying, and astronomical observations are traditional, non-electronic methods and aren’t what electronic navigation centers on.